Investor Perception and Information Disclosed in Financial Reports to the Stock Exchange - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4400 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The new business environment is ever changing and needs lot of expertise to compete effectively. Due to vast development of the capital markets, investors are now giving a great concern to the credibility of the companies in which they are investing. Information disclosure is considered as an indispensable phenomenon for the effectual functioning of securities markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investor Perception and Information Disclosed in Financial Reports to the Stock Exchange" essay for you Create order Due to improper allocation of the resources in the market, the need for added capital values on part of funds provider has increased, in order to attract enough capital for operations and to generate huge profits. Information is considered as a communication bridge between all efficient market associates. Information disclosure gains significant to maintain asymmetry between the investors and management, once they have made a deal (Freedman Stagliano, 2002). To evaluate the nexus among accounting data, relevant information and investors perception is considered as the prime objective of the capital market study. The inconsistency in stock prices and volume of security trades derives the information content of accounting numbers, within a short time span when these are published. However, there is no significant evidence on the impact of information disclosure on investors decision in Pakistan. Schrand Elliott (1998) highlighted the fact that the focus of study of most researches wa s to find the effects of risk; hence they provide little guidance on how investors assess risk and which disclosures can help investors in determining risk. In order to bring pricing efficiency and market confidence the availability, usefulness and adequacy of the relevant information is highly significant. Complete relevant information is considered indispensable for investors to make sound judgments of the value of securities. El-Erian Kumar (1995) and Mobarek Keasey (2000) stated that the fragmentation of capital markets, political and economic instabilities can hinder the efficiency of capital markets. Some other factors like deficiency of corporate information, the lack of auditing experience, and the flaws of regulations and disclosure requirements lead to curtailed vital information. Cassar Friedman (2009) depicted in their study that self efficacy also has a nexus with the investors decision while perceiving risks of the stocks. Self-efficacy describes a persons self-conf idence in his/her ability to accomplish tasks. Self-efficacy has been shown to influence a wide range of individuals behavior. Self efficacy self-efficacy is associated with increased expectations and goals (Bandura, 2001), impacting investment decision (Cassar Friedman, 2009), better academic performance (Luszczynska, Gutià ©rrez-Doà ±a, Schwarzer, 2005) improved work-related performance (Stajkovic Luthans, 1998), greater job search activity (Eden Aviram, 1993), and health-related choices (e.g. Clark Dodge, 1999; McAuley, Courneya, Rudolph, Lox, 1994; Wulfert Wan, 1993). Self-efficacy can be either task-specific, relate to many related tasks within a domain, or be generalized. The focus in this study is on investors self efficacy, which depicts the confidence one has in his/her ability to make sound investment decisions either doing it on entrepreneur basis or on individual basis and to trace out the significance of self efficacy in relevance to the judgment of investors p erception. The main objective of this study is to find out the how information disclosure and investors self efficacy affect investors perception while investing in stocks and taking decisions pertaining to investment in Pakistan. Literature Review Investors Perception Germon Meek (2001) believe that accounting exists because it satisfies a need primarily a need for information. In order to be relevant accounting data must among others, be quick to respond to users (particularly the investors) needs. Generally, investors are not in a situation to directly assess the performance of companies in which they intend to invest. They usually depend on financial reports prepared by the management of such organizations. Financial report is one of the best sources of accounting information about a company. Financial reporting is an essential part of disclosure and helps investor to discover investment opportunities. Studies on the usefulness of interim reporting for investors are limited compared to those of annual reporting. A number of evidence on the usefulness of interim reporting could be gathered from annual report studies. Cerf (1961) provided evidence on the usefulness of interim reporting in the US. In his study on the major sources of financ ial information used by 215 analysts, Cerf (1961) found that analysts named the interim report as one of the main sources of information, alongside with the annual reports, direct contact with management, and brokers studies of corporations and industries. In Malaysia, at least two studies, that is, Izah Zuaini (1995) and Rahman (1998) provided evidence on the use of interim reports by investors. Izah Zuaini (1995) showed that interim reports were, on average, rated third by the financial analysts in making investment decisions, after the annual reports and contacts with the management of a company. Rahman (1998) provided evidence that financial analysts, on average, rated interim reports as the third most important source of information after visits to companies and prospectuses. The annual reports were rated sixth most important source of information by the analysts. Quarterly financial reports were used by professional investors but their usefulness varies across types of in vestors: scanners, trackers, and sophisticates. Different groups of investors perceived usefulness based on their respective needs, Although investors regard quarterly reports as the sixth most useful source of information, usefulness of quarterly reporting remains significant. Annual reports appear to be more useful than quarterly reporting despite the fact that the latter is timely. One explanation is that quarterly reports are not audited thus perceived to be less reliable and susceptible to income manipulation. Another reason is that investors may take some time to familiarize themselves with the nature and role of quarterly reporting, as they have just shifted from half-yearly reporting (Ismail Roy, 2005). Abdelkarim, Shahin Arqawi, (2009) have contributed a lot in assessing the investor perception. They articulate that external users attached a higher level of importance to the profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, statement of shareholders equity, management commentary, and footnotes to the financial statements. These results are consistent with the results of previous studies, especially in the Arab region. According to the quality of information, all users consider the timeliness and availability of information as important. They also considered other quality items such as adequacy, credibility, relevancy, and understandability important for their investment decisions. Information users evaluated the companys level of disclosure as poor and weak (Abdelkarim, Shahin and Arqawi, 2009). These results reflect the inadequacy of the information quantity and quality that companies listed at the Palestine Stock Exchange usually disclose. Companies should comply with the minimum international disclosure requirements and timeliness of the disclosure process (Abdelkarim, Shahin and Arqawi, 2009). Another important point to note is that investors considered information related to risk, and investment opportunity, as the mos t important of non-traditional financial information. Net income, share price growth, net cash flow, sales revenue amount, and amount of current liabilities were the most important items that users perceive. Finally, all investors deemed that more quantity and quality of items disclosed by listed companies could create fair stock price value. While examining the multi-user perceptions in a study suggest that investment user who holds finance and/or accounting qualification could perceive information differently from one with an engineering qualification (Abdelkarim, Shahin and Arqawi, 2009). The different user groups considered timeliness, availability, and credibility of relevant information as the most important features of corporate information. The users however, gave less importance to independent verification, as it is considered as contributing features to the usefulness of corporate information. A high degree of importance was attached to disclosure items such as earnings pe r share, investments opportunities, and performance. Despite of financial reports low quality, all information users do find information items disclosed in financial reports as useful for their investment decision-making process. In addition, the most important items were found in the profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Investors Self Efficacy Mavra Bandura (1977) Self-efficacy implies a conscious awareness of ones ability to be effective, to control actions or outcomes. Self-efficacy refers to a persons belief that they can perform tasks and fulfills roles, and is directly related to expectations, goals and motivation (Bandura, 2001). Bandura postulated that an individual characterized by high self-efficacy concerning a specific behavior, would be highly confident in his or her capability to successfully perform the task hence would most likely decide to pursue it, expand effort and pursue the task even while facing difficulties. Investors self efficacy is stated as the belief of investor in his own decision making, confidence while making investment even in difficult scenarios (Bandura, 1986). Cassar Friedman (2009) depicted in their study that self efficacy also has a nexus with the investors decision while perceiving risks of the stocks. Indeed, research on self-efficacy in various contexts has indicated that effic acy beliefs affect performance levels through their influence on ambitious goal setting, efficiency in dealing with problems, investment of effort and persistence (Wood Bandura, 1990; Bandura, 1997). Self-efficacy has been shown to affect a wide range of choices, including work-related performance (Stajkovic Luthans, 1998), small business growth (Baum Locke, 2004; Baum, Locke, Smith, 2001), job search activity (Eden Aviram, 1993), academic performance (Hackett Betz, 1989; Luszczynska et al., 2005), choice of academic major (Hackett, 1985), and career choice (Lent Hackett, 1987). A vital facet of self-efficacy is its level of specificity. Self-efficacy can be completely general at the broadest level (Shearer, Maddux, Mercandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, Rogers, 1982), referring to confidence about any and all tasks. Whereas, it refers to beliefs about ones confidence in completing one specific task successfully, at the narrowest level. Also most scholars today distinguish betw een two types of self-efficacy: general self efficacy and specific self-efficacy (Shearer, 1981). The former relates to a general belief in ones overall abilities across different situations, and the latter relates to a domain-specific belief in ones ability in a specific area. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) describes a persons confidence about their ability to perform the various tasks and roles relevant to entrepreneurship and related decisions. The use of ESE, rather than general self-efficacy is highly effective in this study, to explain entrepreneurial investment because domain-specific self-efficacy has been shown to have greater impact than general self-efficacy when describing investment choices (Betz Hackett, 1983; Gist, 1987). ESE is not venture-specific; individuals ESE should apply at all entrepreneurial activity regardless of distinctive factors related to each unique venture. More generally, ESE differs from locus of control because self-efficacy refers to belief s about achievable levels of performance or behavior, while locus of control concerns beliefs about the achievements of outcomes in addition to performance levels (Rotter, 1966). Self-efficacy differs from self-esteem because self-esteem is an affective self-evaluation, such as ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢I take a positive attitude towards myself (Rosenberg, 1965), whereas self-efficacy is a judgment about ones capability to complete a task (Gist Mitchell, 1992). Dispositional optimism connotes a generally positive outlook, not a judgment about ones efficaciousness (Puri Robinson, 2007). Core self-evaluation is a construct that encompasses locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem and emotional stability (Judge Bono, 2001). This broader construct, due to its abstractness, is not closely related to ESE, except that individuals with high core self-evaluation may be expected to have high ESE, as they would be more likely to have high domain-specific self-eff icacy. Overconfidence has been defined as occurring when individuals overestimate the accuracy of their predictions or more generally when individuals hold excessive confidence in relation to abilities, knowledge, and beliefs (Hayward, Shepherd, Griffin, 2006). However, in this study the emphasis is on investors self efficacy, which depicts the confidence one has in his/her ability to make sound investment decisions either doing it on individual basis or on entrepreneur basis and to trace out the significance of self efficacy in pertaining to the judgment of investors perception. Information Disclosure The association between capital markets accounting information has attracted considerable attention (Ball Brown, 1968). The concentration for this subject is justifiable, given the objective of financial reporting that accounting figures are aimed at providing investors with useful information for their investment decisions. In capital markets, financial information is thought to assist the prediction of firms future cash flows and help investors assess future securities risk and returns. Al-Mubarak (1997) studies of the market reaction to the release of new accounting information that analyze the stock price impact of accounting disclosures in order to determine whether these are useful to market participants. Studies of the long-term association between stock returns and accounting numbers, which examine the extent to which the information conveyed by accounting figures is consistent with that reflected in stock prices. Complementary studies devoted to the use of accounting dat a by investors and to the influence of market considerations on accounting choices. The worthiness of financial reports is in the top research playgrounds nowadays. Some recent studies even report a decreasing trend in the value-relevance of financial statement information in the U.S. over the past decades (Francis Schipper, 1999). Ball and Brown (1968), stated that present accounting literature has well documented the usefulness of accounting earnings, book value and other items in the financial reports. While most of these studies provide evidence that annual report is an important source of information, they also show a low association between accounting numbers and stock prices or returns [Graham and King (2000), Chen (2001)]. Many prior studies empirically establish the usefulness of financial reports or other financial information by the statistical association between the financial information and stock prices or returns. Hodge (2003) suggests that a survey-based research ca n complement the archival-based research in that it gathers data on a multitude of individual beliefs and practices to provide the underlying reasons for investors behavior. The disclosure of relevant corporate information is an essential element of a market-based monitoring of companies. Disclosure and transparency induce corporations to better protect investors, and thereby enhance investors confidence in capital markets. The characteristics of significant, timeliness, correctness and instructive should be present in a good disclosure. In relation to the reliability of disclosed information, companies must adopt internationally recognized accounting and auditing standards, and assure the independence of the audit process. Corporate disclosure has evolved from being solely focused on financial information excerpted predominantly from a firms financial statements. Richardson Welker (2001) highlighted that corporate disclosure is utilized as a strategic tool in risk assessment and t he value creation process, currently. The appearance of complete disclosure strategies that cover all aspects of a firms performance has resulted in the broadening of both the scope and scale of the information released by firms. Disclosure strategies, including economic, social and environmental information, are now a key component of many firms investor communication programs. This evolution in corporate practices appears to be well founded, since empirical findings suggest that an open disclosure policy provides many benefits to a firm, e.g., a lower cost of capital (Botosan and Harris, 2000). Environmental reporting typically occupies a prominent place within the scope of a firms disclosure strategy (Cormier and Magnan, 1999). In Jordan, Abu-Nassar Rutherford (1996) undertook a study to discover the view of external users of annual corporate reports. They targeted different groups of external users, namely individual shareholders, institutional shareholders, bank loan officers, stockbrokers, and academics. They found out that bank loan officers were the heaviest users of the annual reports in Jordan, while individual shareholders and academics were found to be the least. They also found the income statement and balance sheet to be the most widely read parts of the annual corporate report by all users. In Saudi Arabia, Al-Mubarak (1997) confirms that the annual corporate report is the primary source of corporate information and his findings are in line with those found in developed countries. Abdelsalam (1990) reports that the vast majority of respondents indicate that investors read the annual reports and that the profit and loss statement was the most important part of the annual report. Al-Fayyoumi (2003) tested the informational efficiency by analyzing the relationship between trading volume and stock-price volatility. The results provided that investors in the PSE should pay more attention to the fundamental (financial) information in order to improve the rationality of the decision making process. Abdelkarim Shahin (2007) and Abuzarour (2005) used the variance ratio test, developed by Lo and Mackinlay in 1988, and the nonparametric run test, to examine the PSE efficiency and the results provided further evidence that the PSE is weakly efficient. In the context of Palestine, market inefficiency and corporate governance were identified as the main reasons for PSE being a shallow market and the main obstacles for PSE capitalization growth (MAS 2004). Financial disclosure procedures are weak; there is low public awareness about securities, poor investment culture, and poor accounting and auditing procedures. All these factors have negatively affected the performance of the PSE in terms of depth, liquidity, volatility, and trading volume (Jafary Makhool, 2004). While no significant research have been found in this context in the stock exchange and capital market of Pakistan. This identified a need to bridge the gap and to find out the association between these three variables in the scenario of Pakistan capital markets and stock exchanges. Considering the above all mentioned literature, the conclusion can b made that there are no studies to investigate the investors perception towards information disclosure. Because little is known about the stock price behavior in this market, the aim of the study is to study is to find out the impact of financial information disclosure and investors self efficacy on the investors perception. This can be achieved by assessing the perception of users towards the availability, adequacy and usefulness of relevant information disclosed by companies listed at stock exchange in Pakistan. Moreover, the relationship between investors perception and self efficacy is assessed by ambitious goal setting, confident in performing tasks and pursuing tasks with facing difficulties. Methodology A questionnaire survey was designed where respondents were asked to determine the degree of importance of each information item using two questionnaire forms. This survey was conducted both manually and electronically (through emails) to the participants. One questionnaire was measuring the dimensions of information disclosure. It consisted of Likert-type five scales, where (N+) referred to strongly disagree, and (Y+) to strongly agree, and tested statistically to fulfill the objectives of this research. An extensive review of relevant literature was undertaken in order to form a list of the information potentially used by financial statements users, e.g. Taylor (1965), Epstein Pava (1993), Abu-Nassar Rutherford (1996), Ba-owaidan, M. (1994), Bartlett Chandler (1997), Mangena Kinman (2003). Moreover, the dimensions of self efficacy were assessed through a 10-items questionnaire likert scale, in which options ranged from 1 to 4, 1 representing not at all true and 4 representing exactly true. The Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE) was selected as a target location; the individual investors were assessed through these questionnaires form filled in a short span of time. The target groups were asked to indicate their opinion, using the designed scale, in order to achieve authentic results. Hypotheses This study aims to assess the availability, adequacy, and the perceived usefulness of information for investment decisions. Moreover, the impact of investors self efficacy on investors perception through by ambitious goal setting, confident in performing tasks and pursuing tasks with facing difficulties. To smooth the progress of our analysis, the following hypotheses were developed and are tested: Ho: Investors self efficacy has positive impact on investors perception, H1: Investors self efficacy has no impact on investors perception, H2: Information disclosure in financial reports has positive impact on investors perception H3: Information disclosure in financial reports has no impact on investors perception Details of the study The purpose of this study was to test the designed hypothesis in order to find the above mentioned relationship by using statistical tools and running the collected data on SPSS software. This study measured the co relational impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Moreover, the study was done in the non-contrived type of setting in which the field study was done through questionnaire survey. Further this is cross sectional study being done to find out the behavior aspect of investors. The unit of analysis in this study was individuals who were filled the questionnaire about their respective behaviors. The level of interference of the researchers was minimal as it was done in non-contrived setting. Model of the study After reviewing the literature work in detail and analyzing the previous model of the study, a new model was proposed to fill the gap of the previous studies. This model was then designed to depict the aims of the study in a precise way. The model consists of two independent variables which are investors self efficacy information disclosure and one dependent variable investors perception along-with their respective dimensions. The model attached here, vividly depicts the nexus of the variables and the purpose of the study. The final model is as follow: Fig 1: Model of the study Final Questionnaire Questionnaire for Information Disclosure Dear Respondents: Thank you for your willingness to join this survey. Please respond to all the questions in this questionnaire. We understand that the interpretation of the questionnaire and the responding to the questionnaire require a high level of professional judgment. Please check (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡) the appropriate parentheses or express the extent to which you agree or disagree on the given statement by choosing (circling) one of the following: (Y+) strongly agree, (Y) agree (O) neither agrees nor disagrees (or no opinion), (N) disagree; (N+) strongly disagree. No. Question Mark (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡) General Information Q 1 Kind of Information Users You Are 1 Individual investor 2 Institutional investor 3 Creditors; (Bank loan officers) 4 Stock brokers 5 Financial analysts 6 Academics Q 2 Information Users by Qualification 1 PhD 2 Masters Degree 3 First degree 4 Professional qualifications 5 Other Q 3 Information Users by Experience (Number of years) 1 Less than 1 year 2 1-5 Years 3 6-10 Years 4 Above 10 Years Q 4 Information Users by Industry Focus 1 Telecommunications 2 Insurance companies 3 Banks 4 Investment Management Companies 5 Pharmaceuticals 6 Services 7 Industrial Q5 Investors By Amount of Money Invested 1 Nothing 2 Less than 100,000 3 Between 100,000 249.999 4 Between 250,000 499,999 5 Between 500,000 999,999 6 More than 100,000 Investors Perception Q6 Investors Goals Y+ Y O N N+ 1 Safety of capital 2 Steady income 3 Speculative gains 4 Investment opportunity Q7 Kind of Analysis usefulness to predict future stock value 1 Political analysis 2 Macroeconomic analysis 3 Technical analysis 4 Fundamental (Financial) analysis 5 Statistical analysis 6 No Analysis, Imitation other investors Q 8 Users View towards various sources of information 1 PSE Market statistics 2 Corporate financial reports 3 Advice of investment services (Specialists) 4 Advice of stockbrokers 5 Direct information from the company 6 Investors own analysis 7 Market rumors, and adages Q 9 Users Readership of the corporate reports 1 Balance sheet 2 Profit and loss statement 3 Cash flow statement 4 Footnotes to the financial statements 5 Statement of shareholders equity 6 Management commentary 7 Auditors report Q 10 Users evaluating of the of corporate disclosure quality 1 Timeliness 2 Availability of specific information 3 Understandability 4 Credibility 5 Easy access to sources of information 6 independent verification Information Disclosure Q 11 Level of disclosure by companies Y+ Y O N N+ 1 In Management Commentary Section 2 In Income Statement section 3 In Balance Sheet Section 4 In Cash Flow Statement Section 5 In Segmental Information Section 6 In Accounting Policies and Notes Q 12 Users view about usefulness of information 1 Provide primary information to investors to help them in making investment decisions 2 Provide information to help investors to monitor their investment 3 To predict expected income and earnings per share 4 To help investors in assessing liquidity of the company 5 To predict future dividend of the company 6 To evaluate companys performance over time 7 To make comparison between companies performance Q 13 Importance of Non Traditional Information 1 Information Related to Risk 2 Business opportunity 3 Social Responsibility Information 4 Market regulation Q 14 Importance of Non Financial Information 1 Execution of Corporate Strategy 2 Corporate product or service Creation 3 Kind of management, especially directors 4 Customer Satisfaction 5 Indication of employee morale and Satisfaction 6 Quality of Processes 7 Environmental Social Policies 8 Industrial sector Sustainability 9 Organizational and functional structure 10 Corporate governance 11 Company profile 12 Competitor Position 13 Quality of Published Materials 14 Voluntary disclosure 15 Disclosure by the website Usefulness of Financial Reports Q 15 Usefulness of Financial Reports, Items 1 Net cash flow 2 Gross and disaggregated value of current liabilities 3 Gross and disaggregated amount of shareholders equity 4 Capital structure 5 Share price growth 6 Strategies of Profit 7 Current research and development expenditure 8 Sales revenue amount 9 Dividend per share for the period 10 Sales growth expected 11 Gross and disaggregated value of current assets 12 Discussion of results with reasons for changes 13 Number and amount of authorized and issued shares 14 Overall financing costs 15 Net assets book value 16 Money resources and uses 17 Description of the company main product or services 18 Inventories value and method used to determine the cost of (e.g. LIFO, FIFO) 19 Working capital Expenditure last five year 20 Discussion of Increase or decrease of Expenditure 21 Discussion of Increase or decrease of revenues 22 Expenditure on advertising and publicity for the past years 23 Discussion of financial strength of the company 24 Breakdown of borrowings (e.g. lending institution, date of maturity, security) 25 Information relating to investments (e.g. names, percentage, ownership) 26 Summary of net sales for at least the most recent five years 27 Current market value of quoted investments 28 Revenue recognition method 29 Future economic outlook of the company 30 Breakdown of sales revenue by major product line, class of customer and geographical location 31 Expenditure on human resources (e.g. training, welfare facilities) 32 Basis of accounting methods used, and any change 33 Discussion of the major factors likely influence following years results 34 Analysis of sales revenue and earnings attributable to foreign operations 35 Information relating to subsidiaries (e.g. names, addresses, percentage ownership) 36 Forecast of following years profits 37 Number and type of ordinary shareholders (e.g. institutions, individuals) 38 Information relating to past five balance sheet events 39 Net income 40 Total public and management expenditure Questionnaire for Self Efficacy Self efficacy represents how much you are aware of your abilities to be effective, to control an action or a situation while performing tasks. Please rate each statement in terms of how true it is of you. Please tick only one response for each question according to the following keys. 1= not at all true, 2= barely true, 3= moderately true, 4= exactly true S.No Statement 1 2 3 4 1 It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals. 2 If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution. 3 I can usually handle whatever comes my way. 4 I am confident that I could deal efficiently with unexpected events. 5 I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort. 6 When I am confronted with a problem, I can usually find several solutions. 7 I can always manage to solve different problems if I try hard enough. 8 Thanks to my resourcefulness, I know how to handle unforeseen situations. 9 If someone opposes me, I can find the means and ways to get what I want. 10 I can remain calm when facing difficulties because I can rely on my coping abilities.

Managing Hypertension Before It Will Be Too Late - 1505 Words

Manage hypertension before it will be too late This paper is the requirement for RN 101 class. The paper is from a Nursing Journal 2015 Volume 45 Number 1, Pages 28 – 33, written by Kristine Anne Scordo and Kim Anne Pickett, both are Registered Nurses. They explained in this Article about how to manage hypertension before it will be to late and can lead to cardiovascular disease. What is Hypertension? According to the research, Hypertension is a high blood pressure, a situation in which the arteries have elevated blood pressure. When the heart beats, it will pump blood to the all organs in the body through the arteries. If the pressure is higher the heart has to pump more harder. There is a accurate step how to check the blood pressure. Health care professionals will measure blood pressure by enlarge a cuff with the air around patient s arm and listen to the blood flow with a stethoscope as the cuff deflates. They will read the numbers based on when the patient s heart beats, which is alias systolic pressure, but when the heart will be in rest between beats, which is also known as diastolic pressure. The adult normal level of blood pressure is 120/80, where 120 is the systolic and 80 is the diastolic. The blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered to be high blood pressure or hypertension (Lewis, S., 2013). According to the research the cause of hyperten sion is anonymous. But there are certain secondary causes of hypertension which includes kidney and bloodShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1468 Words   |  6 Pagesstress, according to mattresscityusa.com, stress about school and life keeps sixty-eight percent of students awake at night and twenty percent of them at least once a week. Stress affects the quality of their sleep far more than alcohol, caffeine, or late-night electronics use, a new study shows. Personally, I believe that this is an accurate study. I have been stressed much lately about college, as well as many people I know in college get stressed out frequently, which leads to our sleep patternsRead MoreDiabetes Assignment1542 Words   |  7 Pagesideal body weight; 2) being older than 45 (however, this is changing); 3) being of Hispanic, African American, Native American, Pacific Islander or Asian American heritage; 4) Having a first-degree relative who has a history of DM II; 5) Having hyperten sion or having low HDL cholesterol or high triglycerides; 6) Having a previous history of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance; 7) having previous had gestational diabetes or having given birth to a baby weighing over 9 pounds; 8)Read MoreThe Health Challenges Of Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Type 21613 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual disability, such as Down Syndrome (DS) (Mertig, 2011). In this essay, it will cover the health challenges of Kyle, who is a 45 year old male with Down syndrome, moderate intellectual disability and a Non-Insulin Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), managing his condition with proper exercise as well as diet. Individual care for people with DS is essential, each individual vary on their specific needs making it very crucial for the health care provider to assess their physical and emotional needs. AlsoRead MoreDiabetes Type II : Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Treatments3675 Words   |  15 Pagesare chronic conditions that affect how the body uses b lood glucose or blood sugar. The body needs glucose because it is an important source of energy for the cells that make up an individual s muscles and tissues Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood, which will inevitably lead to serious problems with a person s health. Since every cell, tissue, and muscle needs glucose to function properly, it is important for a person who shows signs and symptoms of diabetes to seeRead MoreTeenage Stress2131 Words   |  9 Pagesactuality, if it is coupled with despair it may lead to suicide. No one is completely sure what causes the shift into depression, therefore it is significant to understand and identify the symptoms of stress. This way, proper coping skills may be engaged before anything thats life threatening can occur (Scanlon, 26a). Stressors, which aggravate symptoms, vary in severity and duration, (Stress (psychology)) and may cause mental, emotional, or physical symptoms (Romero, B1). Mental symptoms can be as minorRead MoreBody Mass Index ( Bmi ) Is Body Fat Measured By A Person s Weight And Height2226 Words   |  9 Pagesto a rich lifestyle where food is concern they tend to feel hungry most of the times. What many people fail to realize is that they are shortening their life span due to the unhealthy eating. Obesity can lead to various health problems such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, Osteoarthritis, depression, mood swings, and sleep apnea syndrome (Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, 2006). Hunger should be controlled when trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The hunger hormones are leptin andRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1760 Words   |  8 Pagescomplete task especially if its a few tasks because their brain is processing maybe 1-2 task at one time. It doesn t mean that the child can t understand or comprehend; it’s just that the brain is trying to focus and process on 1 task at a time before moving on to the next one. Keeping the child busy is the number one thing towards the hyperactivity. Parents of children with ADHD have problems with calming and keeping them focused in homework and other important things. It may seems that the childRead MoreStress Management2159 Words   |  9 Pagesunmanageable stress and lessens your performance because it#8217;s too much to bare. Police work, by its nature, calls for an incredible amount of continual stress. The demands on police officers to show greater restraint has been increasing over the years and has increased the effects of stress on police work. Today#8217;s police officer is now more than ever in the public eye. He now must think about consequences before his actions in every situation. If we take a quick overview ofRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And The Impact It Can Have On A Person Life And Well Being2176 Words   |  9 Pages(increased thirst), and polyphasia (increased hunger). These symptoms appear when blood glucose levels become to high, and are caused by the effect of diabetes on the body (American Diabetes Association, 2015). If the level of glucose in the blood becomes too high, excess glucose is removed from the blood by the kidneys and excreted via the urine (glycosuria). This results in increased urine production. Water that is held in your cells is used to replace blood volume causing dehydration and increased thirstRead MoreEssay on Teenage Stress2019 Words   |  9 Pagesactuality, if it is coupled with despair it may lead to suicide. No one is completely sure what causes the shift into depression, therefore it is significant to understand and identify the symptoms of stress. This way, proper coping skills may be engaged before anything thatâ€℠¢s life threatening can occur (Scanlon, 26a). Stressors, which aggravate symptoms, vary in severity and duration, (quot;Stress (psychology)quot;) and may cause mental, emotional, or physical symptoms (Romero, B1). Mental symptoms can

100 Yen Sushi House free essay sample

Human Resource Q. 3 How has the 100 Yen Sushi House incorporated the just-in-time system into its operations? 1. Receives fish only when it is needed 2. Making quality the responsibility 3. 100 Yen also uses a kanban system Q. 4 Suggest other services that could adopt the 100 Yen Sushi House service delivery concept. 1. Baking cookies for shopping mall customers, 2. Delicatessen restaurants, 3. Specialty cafes and bars that are located close to their suppliers, 4. Refreshment concessions in amusement parks Ace Institute of Management eMBA-Fall 2010, 2 nd SemesterSubject: Operations Management Group Case Study #2:100 YEN SUSHI HOUSE Submitted to: Mr. Bishal Shrestha Submitted By: Ananta Mallik Nirmal Bahadur Raut Rina MaharjanBiraj PradhanDate: September 16, 2010 Page 2 of 4 Q. 2 What features differentiate 100 Yen Sushi House and how do they create a competitive advantage? Answer: Though there are many fast food restaurants in Japan, but due to some remarkable product and service differentiation, 100 Yen Sushi House has created its unique brand name of most productive operation in Japan?. Here are some major differentiating features: 1. Production-Line Approach: In 100 Yen Sushi House the customers are always included in the production line. Customer can enjoy observing the cooks preparing Sushi, can make their soya sauce as per their own choice and enjoy watching train of food revolving on the conveyer belt (without need of waiter). This creates a good competitive advantage for them. 2. Pull approach Pull system applied by the company instead of  Push system also giving competitive advantage to them. The rate at which customers enter the restaurant, remove dishes from the food train, and leave the restaurant determines the flow of the delivery process. This allows them to match the  preparation of particular foods to the demand for them, thereby eliminating waste. 3. Cozy Environment: The very cordial environment with greetings by every employee of the restaurant while entering and going out gives a different filling to customer. Active participation of all the employees, including the owner makes the environment free cozy and giving competitive advantage. 4. Price The flat 100 Yen cost for every item (even for costly item like salmon) is also giving them competitive advantage. There idea to vary the quantity not the price is the major differentiation. Similarly their simple process of customer billing by just counting the used plates and multiply  by 100 is also a very unique and competitive approach. 5. JIT and Quality control system The company is Just-in-Time (JIT) approach to buy fresh fish several times a day without any inventory and removal of the unsold sushi plates longer than 30 minutes and careful watch by every staff for quality is also a major differentiating factor for competitive advantage. 6. Human Resource The labor-intensive operation, involvement of both worker and owner in the total operation from greeting the customer to serving what is ordered and jointly working as a family member can also be considered as differentiating factor for competitive advantage. Q. How has the 100 Yen Sushi House incorporated the just-in-time system into its operations? The 100 Yen Sushi house has incorporated the Just-in-Time (JIT)system through out its day to day work process. For example, it has adopted ? just-in-time inventory control system. The company has an agreement with the fish vendor to deliver fresh fish several times in a day so that materials arrive just in time. This helps in cost reduction in purchasing the refrigerators for storing the inventory as well as cost decline in inventory. Also, it provides more space available for customers by cutting down of refrigerators space. As Sushi is not  made to order, due to variation in taste of customers there is always so me waste. But the trade-off between the time that is saved and the waste can be turned to the managements advantage by giving careful attention to customer demand. This also implied that management is aware of quality product and responsible for hygienic food. For example, all the employees are charged with the task of monitoring the prepared sushi and removing the old sushi dishes from the serving train after 30 minutes so that sushi quality will maintained and always fresh. Moreover, they use to put right number of Sushis plate at right time (based on continuous observation) on the conveyor belt. This is also an example of application of JIT principle known as Kanban. They have tradition of chorus of the iratsai (welcome) and Arigato Gosaim as (thank you). It also signals about the time of customers coming and leaving. So, they know when they need to speed up or down their through put in making Sushi, another example of JIT. In summary, the 100 Yen Sushi house has very well maintained the Just-in-time (JIT) System into its operation. It is their simplicity common sense, well planned service process, consciousness effort of all employees for quality service and managements pro-activeness to meet customers demand are the major factors which are proving their successes fullness of JIT implementation. Q. 4 Suggest other services that could adopt the 100 Yen Sushi House service deliveryconcept. Answer: The 100 Yen Sushi house service deliveries can be adopted in other services area which focuses repetitive type of processes. For example, it can be applied in auto- manufacturing, fast-food, householdappliance etc. The concept  is low-volume and high varieties which gives both economic and custom advantages of continuous production. This concept is used by Harley-Davidson where relatively few different engines, chassis, gastanks and suspension system are mixed to produce a huge variety of   motorcycle. Likewise the same concept is also used by fast-food restaurants as McDonalds and Burger King where relatively few modules like cheese, lettuce, buns, sauces, pickles, meatpatties, French fries make a variety of meals.

The destruction of the human s Essay Example For Students

The destruction of the human s Essay The human spirit is one of the most beautiful forces in the world, but it is also one of the most vulnerable.In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, this idea of the human spirit is portrayed clearly.Both novels have similar aspects about the human spirit, but they also have their differences.Both novels have main characters who are influenced greatly by someone that they admire, and they are destroyed by that influence.The difference that these novels have is that in Frankenstein, the main character is influenced and destroyed by something he creates himself, while in The Picture of Dorian Grey, the main character is influenced and destroyed by his friend and mentor.Again, both novels portray the human spirits motivation and vulnerability. We will write a custom essay on The destruction of the human s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the novel Frankenstein, Victor, the main character, is driven to insanity and death by his motivation, his own creation.He dedicates all of his time and knowledge to create a living human being from dead tissue.This monster becomes his motivation and influence throughout the rest of the novel.Victor blames himself and feels guilt for all of the crimes that the monster commits, and becomes sick and sorrowful.For example, the monster kills Victors youngest brother William, and he takes the blame and feels the guilt for it.Another example from the novel is when the monster starts to become familiar with the little beauties and simplicities of life, but begins to realize that society rejects him because of his revolting appearance.This is due to Victors ignorance of the monsters feelings and knowledge, because Victor never told the monster what he was, a hideous and revolting creature.Victor blames himself for these innocent crimes committed by the monster that he created and silently goes crazy, then dies from becoming very ill.Before his death, Victor asked his friend Walton to kill the monster, because he didnt have the strength.His motivation, the monster, drove him to the brink of insanity and eventually death. In the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey, Dorian, the novels main character, is influenced greatly by his friend and mentor, Lord Henry, and kills himself because he listens to everything that Lord Henry says and believes it.For example, Dorian explains to Lord Henry that he went out to the country and became a changed man, a good man.He had killed Basil and admitted to Lord Henry that he did so.Lord Henry mocks him and doesnt believe him.Lord Henry tells him that a human cannot change no matter what.Dorian refuses to believe him but cant help the fact that Lord Henry might be correct about it.But still, Dorian believes that he is a good man.Later on, Dorian looks at the picture that caused him to kill Basil, a picture of himself.He realizes that Lord Henry was right about the fact that a human cannot change, but still believes that he can end his guilt of the murder by destroying the horrid portrait of himself, so he stabs his own heart and dies, leaving the beautiful painting behind .Lord Henry, his friend and mentor, caused Dorian to believe that he will always be a bad person, thus causing him to kill himself. Both of the novels portray the motivation and vulnerability of the human spirit but they do it in different ways.In Frankenstein Victor, being a very motivated scientist, basically creates his own doom, being that the monster became his infatuation and influence over everything that happens beyond the moment when the monster first opened his eyes.This aspect of influence is different from The Picture of Dorian Grey because, in the novel, Dorian is destroyed by someone that he believes and trusts, his friend and mentor.Throughout the novel, Dorian converses with Lord Henry, and takes everything that Lord Henry said seriously, even though not everything that Lord Henry said was right. Basically, the difference that these two novels have over the idea that the human spirit is a very strong, but vulnerable force is that a persons motivation to do something great and his infatuation with that great thing will influence the spirit greatly, sometimes totally, and that believing in someone a nd somebody so much, no matter what they say, you will listen to them and let them have total control over you and your actions, even though that influence probably doesnt know that.

In ancient Greece

In ancient Greece there was once a matriarchal society. We know this because it is evident in the literature that has passed into our hands and from the religions of these ancient peoples. While this evidence is before us the reason for the change to a patriarchal society is not so evident. Very little information exists on the subject, possibly because the change was so violent in some cases. Robert Graves tells us ancient Europe had no gods. The Great Goddess was regarded as eternal and unchanging. Fatherhood held no meaning for these peoples because it was at a later time that they discovered that a man was needed to produce a child. All over the world we can encounter these mother goddesses. The women were considered omnipotent and the priestess of a village was usually the queen. She took lovers for pleasure, not for a father for her children, as the children of a community were considered sacred gifts from the goddess. Men revered and respected the marvel and power of women and adored the matriarch, her hut or temple being the earliest social center. Thus the first victim of a Greek public sacrifice was to Hestia. Hestia was goddess of the hearth and it is her decree that suppliants must be protected in her name (Graves 75). She is most often depicted as the raised white mound of ash that protects live coals without producing smoke. This great goddess was !instilled in every facet of the Greek household. The goddess is also depicted as the moon as well as the sun. The moons phases of new, full, and old recall the matriarchs phases of maiden, mother, and crone. The sun also runs its course of spring (maiden), summer (mother), and winter (crone). Thus the goddess became associated with animal and plant life through these natural phenomena. The moon controls the tides and migratory sea animals while the sun controls the harvest and the hibernation periods of many animals. The goddesss li...

Torture during the Algerian War and its relevance on the War on Terror

Torture during the Algerian War and its relevance on the War on Terror During the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), the French forces mercilessly tortured their opponents. Although the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) also tortured their enemies, the French military use of torture was more widespread.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Torture during the Algerian War and its relevance on the War on Terror specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Torture is defined as â€Å"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him, or a third person, punishing him for an act he or a third person has done†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (United Nations, para.3). The French experience during the Algerian war proves that the use of torture, though regrettable, is important to defeat successfully terrorist organizations around the world. Therefore, is the use of torture justifiable in some instances? The military combat of the FLN was being propelled by self-determination and the French state was equally determined to win the war. The French forces did not acknowledge that the colonial conflict was indeed a war, as this would recognize their opponents as a legitimate entity; therefore, it was until August 1999 that they stopped calling it â€Å"fight against terrorism.† That is why although France was bound by the Geneva conventions it had signed in 1951; it consistently used brutal warfare tactics in fighting against the FLN. As shown by the experience of the French military during the Algerian war, torture is a good way of gaining timely and relevant information from terrorists. For example, in an imaginary situation when a terrorist has planted a nuclear bomb in Washington City, the detonation is going to take place in the next forty-five minutes, and cause widespread destruction. However, when the terrorist is captured, although he knows the exact location of the bomb, he is not g iving any relevant information. What is the best thing to do in such a scenario? Is he left to go scot-free because torturing him will interfere with his â€Å"human rights?† If the individual is not forced to give out the vital information, then thousands of innocent lives are at risk. In such an instance, the choice of the use of torture is allowable in order to acquire certain life-saving information that could not be retrieved easily. Therefore, the use of torture as a tool in the global War on Terror is important in defeating terrorist groups around the world. Concerning this issue, Levin states, â€Å"there are situations in where torture is not only permissible, but morally mandatory† (para.2). Levin illustrates how liberal societies do not allow the use of torture, and how other governments fear the fury of the United Nations if they are suspected of using or even planning to use it; however, he gives a different opinion on this attitude. Levin terms the use of torture as â€Å"a weapon that is important in winning the War on Terror.† At one point, he addresses the above imaginary situation by saying, â€Å"if you caught the terrorist, could you sleep nights, knowing that millions died because you could not bring yourself to apply the electrodes?† (para.4). Some people argue that the use of torture against terrorists is unconstitutional; however, the thousands of lives lost after a terrorist incident far outweighs issues of constitutionality.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More so, is the use of torture barbaric? The many innocent lives lost due to negligence is more barbaric (Buchanan, para.2).Therefore, the use of torture is permissible in extreme cases since in some intricate situations, it is a matter of balancing between mass murder and the life of one or a few people. As Levin puts it, â€Å"letting millions of innocents die in deference to one who flaunts his guilt is moral cowardice, unwillingness to dirty one’s hands† (para.4). According to this statement, if harsh interrogation tactics can be used as a way of protecting the lives of the innocent, then no one should shy from using them when it is necessary. When a nation fails to use torture, it puts thousands of lives at risk due to terrorist threats. This makes the nation to portray the same cowardice being portrayed by the terrorists. During the Algerian war, the French military did not shy off from torturing the terrorists who were potentially dangerous. If these harsh tactics could be used, then the strategies used by terrorists to wreak havoc could have been discovered by now. Assuming that a victim does not die after he or she has been harshly interrogated, the victim will less likely commit the same crime. Currently, most of the interrogation methods available are laughable and dumb. The French soldiers successively used torture to extract vital information from their opponents. These punishments were meant to ensure that the victims either co-operated with them or confessed some of the enemy schemes. In some circumstances, the use of torture, besides being essential, is the only available option. For example, in 1994, an Israeli was held captive by some Palestinian terrorists. After searching for clues, the Israeli police detained the driver of the car, which was used for carrying out the attack. For them to get the information about the whereabouts of the kidnappers, they were compelled to torture the driver to extract some useful information from him. This is just one example of how torture as played a significant role in the war against terrorism. The Algerian war induced the French military to use torture against its opponents. The French troops were in a difficult situation since most of the time it was not easy to differentiate their opponents from civilians at first sight. This situation was worsened by the fact that their opponents rarely wore easily identifiable war clothes. More so, the civilians were well informed of enemy movements; thus, most of the time they were under suspicion from the French military.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Torture during the Algerian War and its relevance on the War on Terror specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the war, every French soldier was obliged to be alert and give all the relevant information about the enemy by collecting all the vital intelligence information (Branche, 548). Therefore, to achieve this, the soldiers sometimes tortured their opponents. Against this background, torture was permitted as a way of combating the increasing threat of terrorists’ activities. Though the use of harsh tactics is regrettable, it is good way of gathering intelligence information about the movement of terrorists around the world. Another reas on why the French used torture during the Algerian war was to provide it with all the necessary resources for the protection of its citizenry. When a country wants to preserve a strong national security, it is obliged to use harsh interrogation methods as the best alternative. In a situation when torture is used, prompted by the urge to save innocent lives, by just getting vital information from one individual, then it should be justifiable. The nation of France had always upheld principles of freedom, from freedom of speech to freedom of religion. Nevertheless, when the safety of its citizens was under threat, it had to sacrifice some of its rights. This was to make the country as safe as possible because insurgents could easily enter the country from Algeria. These rights, which were sacrificed, ensured that its citizens at home and army in the combat zone were safe from acts of terrorism. As much as the use of harsh interrogations can be considered as an inhumane practice, it sho uld be used when the need arises. To fight the growing insurgency in the world, torture is a vital tool that can be used effectively to achieve this. The formal arguments against the use of torture are absolute; they state that it has no exceptions. This widely held statement is not true because it is a misguided opinion that always comes from social commentators. This type of absolutist has created a void between good intentions and good consequences. As mush as the use of torture sounds inhumane, it is necessary to defeat successfully terrorist organizations around the world. In extreme circumstances, as experienced by the French military, radical measures ought to be done to avoid mass murder. If this consists of making a terrorist to feel pain in order to preserve thousands of innocent lives, then it is permissible. However, it is important to note that torture is more beneficial when used as a means of preventing future evils, rather than as a form of punishment. Terrorism will not be completely obliterated from the face of the earth if individuals settle down and stop making efforts to win the War on Terror. The use of torture, in extreme cases, is one way of making efforts to win the war.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Branche, Raphaelle. â€Å"Torture of terrorists? Use of torture in a â€Å"war against terrorism†: justifications, methods, and effects: the case of France in Algeria.† International Review of the Red Cross 89.867 (2007): 543-560. Print. Buchanan, Patrick J. â€Å"The case for torture.† Worldnetdaily. 10 March 2010. Web. https://www.wnd.com/2003/03/17663/ Levin, Michael. â€Å"The case for torture.† People.brandeis. N.d. Web. http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/torture.html United Nations. â€Å"Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.† UN convention. 10 Dec. 1987. Web. https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-commentary/

Empirical research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Empirical research - Essay Example The researcher should test these predictions using appropriate experiments. The results of these experiments will determine whether the conclusions of the empirical research are logically supported or not, depending on whether the theory that informed the hypothesis and predictions is supported by the results or not. In an empirical research, the conclusions are logical if the evidences that support them are logical and there are proper inferences and hypothesis (Goodwin, 2005). Conclusions that are not logically supported do not invalidate the entire study. It is imperative that a conclusion should be arrived at in a logical way, having followed a systematic approach to conduct research, for a study to be fully valid. However, this does not mean that an entire study will be invalid if the conclusions are not logically supported. There will be some confusion because the conclusions are not logically supported, but the study will still be valid to some extent because the research was based on observations and experiences. If these observations and experiences are not logically supported by the theory that informed the research, it does not mean that the entire research is invalid (Becker & Lazaric,

Report based on strategic review of an organization Burberry Coursework

Report based on strategic review of an organization Burberry - Coursework Example The external analysis also reveals the enviable position of Burberry and its competitors in a high-margin industry that is also relatively impervious to the threat of new entrants. This owes partly to the iconic nature of the brand, and the prestige and high brand equity that the name enjoys in high fashion. The internal analysis on the other hand, making use of the value chain analysis in the main, reveals a firm that excels in those activities that add value to its brand, namely in design, in marketing, and in certain key aspects of its supply chain, including logistics, sourcing, and distribution, the latter evidenced by its complex distribution channels mix. This foregoing analysis is then used to come up with recommendations for future strategic actions for the firm, and finds that there is room for the company to explore each of the strategic options presented in the Ansoff matrix to come up with a four-pronged strategy to achieve growth, profitability moving forward (Professio nal Academy 2014; Jurevicius 2013; Google 2014; Reuters 2014; Yahoo! 2014; Chesters 2012; BBC 2012; Doran 2012; Porter 2008; Institute of Management Accountants 1996; LuxInnovation 2008; HJMBD.ie 2012). Burberry is in the business of fashion wear, with an outer wear focus and a brand image that is strongly associated with being British It is positioned as a brand of luxury, focusing on key iconic items of British wear, including the trench coat which it has elevated into the status of iconic items of British-ness (Burberry 2014). The primary business channels for distribution are retail and wholesale, with 70 percent accounted for by retail sales and 30 percent by wholesale sales, for about 2 billion British pounds in sales in 2012-2013 (Burberry 2014b). A third channel consists of licensing. The company is present in digital stores, brick and mortar stores, prestige stores in different markets around

Developing Promotional Strategies for Horticultural Products Essay Example for Free

Developing Promotional Strategies for Horticultural Products Essay INTRODUCTION. The horticulture sub-sector of agriculture in Kenya has grown in the last decade to become a major foreign exchange earner, employer and contributor to food needs in the country. Currently the horticulture industry is the fastest growing agricultural subsector in the country and is ranked third in terms of foreign exchange earnings from exports after tourism and tea. Fruits, vegetable and cut flower production are the main aspects of horticultural production in Kenya. In this write up, the horticultural products I will focus on are coriander, courgettes, cabbage, kales, spinach, indigenous vegetables like ‘terere’ and ‘managu’, ginger, garlic, tomatoes and onions. These products will be directly sourced from my farm in Kitengela. IDENTIFICATION OF THE INNATE ANS ACQUIRED NEEDS According to Boyd (2010) humans become motivated when a need is aroused that they have a desire to satisfy. These needs can be physiological also known as innate e.g need for food, water, sex and cloths or they could be acquired needs which are learnt in response to an individual’s culture or surroundings e.g need for affection, self esteem or prestige. The above mentioned horticultural products are food products that satisfy needs in the first level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs i.e the physiological needs. Moreover, through the right packaging and promotion of these products, the acquired needs will be satisfied. THE PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES BASED ON THESE NEEDS Organizations use promotion to communicate with customers about products they offer because promotion is one half of the communication process with customers. It works co-operatively with market research in an iterative feedback loop so that the constantly changing requirements of users are met by promotional activities that target or even anticipate these expressed needs. Promotion involves making sure that customers are aware of the products that the organization makes available to them. The objective of my promotional strategy is to provide information about my products, increase demand for these products and to differentiate the product. I will design different advertising messages to be placed in certain magazines like healthy eating magazines as well as Saturday Nation newspaper magazine and television advertisment. Moreover, through the social media i.e twitter and face book I will advertise my products. These adverts will focus on the benefits that clients will get on consump tion of my products. The advert will be designed in such a way that it brings out the different innate and acquired needs that will be met. People have to eat and eat good food that is well presented, I will therefore, do word of mouth advertising and attend networking forums for horticultural products e.g the annual horticultural exhibitions says Wu (2012). As I display my products, I will ensure they are well packaged in clean, labeled packages so that as my purchase my products they are satisfied with the packaging thus meeting both their innate and acquired needs. According to Stern and Adel (1988), word-of-mouth is one of the most credible forms of advertising because people who dont stand to gain personally by promoting something put their reputations on the line every time they make a recommendation. In the utilization of word of mouth advertising, I will incorporate brand advocates in this word of mouth ad. I will use personal selling as well. This will be one to one communication with a potential buyer. In this case the potential buyers I will focus on for personal selling are the restaurants, schools, hospitals and hotels. I will therefore, employ the use of sales men and use experiential marketing in this case. I will hire a tele-marketing researcher who will make follow up calls to clients who purchase my products to get their feedback on areas that I need to improve on as the researcher identifies their unspoken needs as well as their spoken needs. REFERENCES Boyd, J.C (2010). Consumer Psychology. England:Open University Press. Stern .L. W. Adel I. E.(1988) Marketing Channels. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall Inc. Wu, J. M ( 2012) Consumer Perception of quality for horticultural products and related agricultural practices. Ontario:Guelph.

Wal-Mart is a Menace to Society Essay example -- Argumentative Persuas

"Paying your employees well is not only the right thing to do but it makes for good business." -- Jim Sinegal, CEO, Costco Throughout the history of America, there have been many businesses that come and go. Success is not guaranteed to everyone. But in the case of Sam Walton, it was different. Sam Walton was the founder the most controversial supermarket chain in existence: Wal-Mart. From the buyer's perspective, Wal-Mart is just a generous business chain which has extremely low prices. But upon closer inspection, the wickedness of Wal-Mart and the company practices become apparent. I think Wal-Mart has a negative impact on society. Wal-Mart mistreats employees, follows unfair business practices, and hurts small businesses. First, Wal-Mart mistreats their employees. Wal-Mart is known to have the lowest prices out of any other store. A consumer never realizes how Wal-Mart manages to have such low prices. One may think that Wal-Mart goes into a loss for the sake of their customers, but I beg to differ. Wal-Mart buys all of their products from other countries. They have warehouses and production plants in other poor countries such as China. These warehouses are often referred to as "sweatshops", often due to the terrible conditions that the workers have to bare. This saves a lot of money when it comes to wages, since countries like China have no minimum wage laws. The workers range from every age possible. It would be hard making a living when a person only gets paid a dime a day. Also, Wal-Mart does not have to provide benefits or insurance to any of these out-of-country workers. If Wal-Mart was such a great company as people think it was, they should instead make production plants over in the United S tates. Havin... ...ety and has a negative impact on everyone. Mistreating employees, unfair business practices, and hurting small businesses are just some of the vicious activities that Wal-Mart participates in.Wal-Mart is not a business, but a tyrant. This tyrant must be stopped before it is too late. Wal-Mart may have started out with good intentions, but it is not that way anymore. Now they are just another company who cares about their money rather than worrying about customers, employees, and society itself. Wal-Mart will learn its lesson, even if it is at the expense of others. Works Cited De Coster, Karen., and Brad Edmonds. "The Case for Wal-Mart." Kirszner and Mandell 631-36. Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell, eds. Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 11th ed. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. New York: Bedford, 2010.

Seasonal Variation in the Western Himalayan Basin

2.1 THE STUDY AREA Beas River In this survey, Beas Basin located in western Himalaya has been selected. Two sites viz. Manali and Bhunter were being selected for appraisal of the part of different constituent i.e. snow/ice melt overflow, rainfall overflow and land H2O overflow to Beas River. Study was besides conducted for the Parvati River at Bhunter site. Beas River originate from the eastern inclines of Rohtang base on balls of Himalayas at an lift of 3900 m and flows in about north-south way up to Larji, where it takes a about right angle bend and flows towards west up to the Bhunter. The length of the river up to the Bhunter is 80 kilometer. The catchment of the Beas basin up to Bhunter is 3384 kilometer2out of which merely 780 kilometers2is under lasting snow. Largely the catchment country comprises of hasty inclines and the stones are chiefly au naturel. The basin height varies from 1600 m near Bhunter to more than 6000 m near Beo-Toibba. Parvati is one of the major feeder which join the Beas River at Bhunter. It rises from Mantalai glacier at an height of about 5200 m ASL. Mantalai glacier is located on the western incline of the great Himalayan ranges. The basin lies between 31050 ‘ to N and 7705 ‘ to E. It drains an country of about Km2. The Parvati River basin is a hilly and cragged piece of land with altitude runing from 1096 to 6250 metres ( Figure ) . The basin presents an interact mosaic of mountain scopes, hills and vales. The mountain inclines in the basin are covered with woods and hayfields. The vales are interspersed with legion watercourses like Malana nal, Tos Nal, Kasol Nal etc. fall in the Parvati River from left and right Bankss. Some of the of import scopes of the basin are Chandrakhari Dhar, Sharkandi Dhar, Rorung Dhar, Phagachi Dhar, Rajthathi Dhar, and Ori Dhar. Western Himalaya: Western Himalaya stretches for approximately between in the E and in the West embracing an country of about sq kilometer. The mean height ranges between 600 to 6900 metre above average sea degree ( Fig ) . The outstanding characteristics include the snow clothed extremums, â€Å" U † shaped vale, truncated goads with snow-off facies, aretes, horn, pyramidal and conelike extremums, serrated cresta of ridges, corries, glacial troughs both ancestor and consequent, knife-edged precipice, smooth stone and steep head-walls. Dhauladhar, Pir-Panjal, Great Himalaya and Zanskar are the chief mountain scopes of the country ( Fig. ) . The Dhauladhar scope bases in all stateliness over the Kangra vale while the Pir-Panjal, Great Himalaya and Zanskar ranges bases land over Chamba, Lahul and Spiti and Kinnaur. The low scopes of Siwalik autumn in the south-western portion. From south to north four good defined tectonic-cum-physiographic belts with distinguishable geological formations have been recognized in the Himachal Himalaya as the outer or bomber Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Great Himalaya and Tibetan or Tethys Himalaya. Outer Himalaya is situated in the southern most portion and it has an mean tallness of 600 m the average sea degree. This late Tertiary sedimentary belt fundamentally forms series of drops with steep inclines on the southern side. Lesser Himalaya, caught between the outer Himalaya in the South and Greater Himalaya in the North has an mean lift of 4000 m to 5000 m above average sea degree. The two major scopes viz. Dhauladhar and Pir-Panjal, tendency in NW-SE waies, ( about parallel to the regional tendency of the stone formation ) constitute the chief H2O divide of the part ( Figure- western Himalaya ) . The northern belt of the Great Himalaya, with its extremums surging highs of 5000 m to 6000 m ( amsl ) , is characterized by hasty scarps and perpendicular walled gorgeous vales with toppling and frothing rivers. The eastern extension of the Great Himalaya commences from Nanga Parbat in the West. The Pir-Panjal articulations this scope ( Great Himalaya ) near Deo-Tibba ( 5540 m ) . Chandra-Bhaga ( Lahaul and Spiti ) vale, with heavy snow bound countries, lies between these two scopes. The rugged topography of the country therefore houses maximal glaciers, which range in length from 3 to 35 kilometer. The Satluj river forms a narrow and deep gorge and cuts across the Great Himalayan scope. This scope acts as a great H2O divide between the Spiti and Beas drainage systems. The most critical base on ballss of this scope are located near Darang ( 5,548 m ) , Kangra ( 5,248 m ) , and Rohtang ( 4,043 ) and are on the Pir-Panjal Range. To the E of Great Himalaya is the Zanskar scope that separates the Tibetan basin ( term basin denoting here as a geomorphic entity ) from Himachal Himalaya. The Tibetan basin is connected with the satluj basin of Himachal through base on ballss of Sholarung and Gumarang situated on the Zanskar scope. The river Satluj cuts this scope through a gorge at Shipki ( 6,570 m ) . The Satluj basin is rugged in nature and snow edge and the vale crosses the Great Himalayn ranges near China boundary line and Kalpa ( Kinnaur ) . The general height scope from 4,500-6,500 m, of which the Kinner Kailash ( 6473 ) forms the highest extremum. The intricate moasic forms of hills, mountains and vales all over the province is the feature of the survey country. There is general addition in lift from West to east and south to north. 2.2 Geology of the Himachal Himalaya Geological Survey of India initiated about the geological surveies of Himachal Himalaya every bit early as 1860. Medlicott ( 1864 ) ; McMohan ( 1877, 1895 ) ; Oldham ( 1887, 1893 ) , Hayden ( 1904 ) ; Diener ( 1912 ) ; Pilgrim and West ( 1928 ) and Auden ( 1934 ) are the few innovator workers of this part. The important part to the geology of Himalaya in subsequent old ages have been added by Wadia ( 1931 ) ; Gansser ( 1964, 1977 ) ; Heim and Gansser ( 1975 ) ; Fuchs ( 1967,1975 ) and others. The recent work by Bhargava ( 1972a, 1975,1977b, 1979 ) ; Srikantia and Bhargava ( 1974,1976 ) , Gupta and Kumar ( 1975 ) , Srikantia ( 1981,1982 ) , Sorkhabi. , 1996, Fuchs. , 1981 is an effort to ease out some of the jobs of Himalaya, but most important work chiefly on jobs related to biostratigraphy, lithology, construction and tectonics has been carried out by Valdiya ( 1970,1973 ) ; Bhattacharya and Niyogi ( 1971 ) ; Kumar ( 1971,1978a,1979 ) ; Kumar and Pande ( 1972 ) ; Sinha ( 1975,1977,1 978 ) ; Virdi ( 1976 ) ; Fuchs and Sinha ( 1978 ) , Thakur ( 1980,1981 ) ; Thakur et al. , ( 1991 ) ; Pande ( 1991 ) . The geological set up of the Himachal Pradesh is taken after Thakur et.al. , ( 1991 ) ( Fig ) . 2.3 CLIMATE AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE STUDY BASIN The clime is characterized by a short period of mild summer with a well terrible long winter. It has humid, sub-tropical clime in the southern low land countries, temperate in the Lesser Himalayan vales and cool ( sub-alpine ) in higher mountains. Snow-falls occur upto a tallness of 1,300 m during the winters whereas above 4,000 m the countries are under lasting snow screen. The survey country experiences a terrible winter season characterized by the happening of heavy snowfall ( Fig.Snowfall Variation figure of the basin ) at higher heights. India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) has categorised the whole twelvemonth into four season under Indian conditions. January to March is classs under winter season, April to June as summer season, July to September in monsoon season and October to December is Chactgarized as fall season ( post monsoon months ) . Seasonal fluctuation in footings of month may change  ± 15 yearss. 1 ) Summer Season AMJ ( April?June ) Climate In summer season, temperature starts to increase in Himalayan part similar to the other parts of India. Intensity of increasing the temperature is less as comparison to kick and peninsular India. April to June months are considered as summer months in Himalayan part. These 3 months are considered as theodolite period between winter and monsoon season. Weather in Himalayan part sometimes influenced by electrical storms associated with rain during the summer season. 2 ) Monsoon Season JAS ( July-September ) Over the India, monsoon rains begin towards the really terminal of may or the first hebdomad of June over the utmost southern parts of the peninsula and ranges by terminal of June or starting of July in the Himalayan part. It varies from less than 75 yearss over Rajasthan, to more than 120 yearss over the south-western parts of the state lending to about 75 % of the one-year rainfall ( IMD 2010 ) . The parts which receive the largest rainfall are along the west seashore of India and the provinces of Assam and west Bengal in northest India. South west monsoon usually starts over the Kerala seashore. The subsequent advancement of the monsoon may be convenientially traced in the signifier of two subdivisions, viz. , the Arabian Sea subdivision and the Bay of Bengal subdivision. The Arabian Sea subdivision bit by bit advances due norths to Mumbai by 10 June. In the interim, reaching of the Bay of Bengal monsoon over eastern portion is being observed. By mid June the Arabian Sea subdivisi on spreads over Saurashtra-Kutch and the cardinal parts of the state. Thereafter, the deflected current from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea subdivision of the monsoon tend to unify into a individual current. The staying parts of west Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, eastern half of the Rajasthan see their first monsoon showers by the first of July. The monsoon is influenced by planetary and local phenomenon like El Nino, northern hemispheric temperatures, sea surface temperatures, snow cover etc. The monsoonal rainfall oscillates between active enchantments associated with widespread rains over most parts of the state and interruptions with small rainfall activity over the fields and heavy rains across the foothills of the Himalayas. Heavy rainfall in the cragged catchments under ‘break’ conditions consequences deluging over the fields. However, really uncomfortable conditions due to high humidness and temperatures is the characteristic associated with the Breaks. SW monsoon current becomes lame and by and large starts retreating from Rajasthan by 1stSeptember and from north-western parts of India by 15ThursdaySeptember. It withdraws from about all parts of the state by 15ThursdayOctober and is replaced by a northern continental air flow called North-East Monsoon. The withdrawing monsoon air currents cause occasional showers along the east seashore of Tamil Nadu, but rainfall decreases off from coastal parts. 3 ) Post monsoon OND ( October-December ) Post monsoon season is the driest period in the Himalaya. Rivers of cragged part is by and large sustained by base flow during this period. Southern provinces of India viz. Andhra Pradesh, Telungana, Kernataka, Kerala receive good sum of rainfall accounting for approximately 35 % of their one-year sum in these months. ( IMD study ) . Daily temperature starts falling all over the state. The average temperatures over western Himalaya diminution from approximately 320C to a scope of 15-180C in the month of November. Less humidness and clear sky over the most portion of the North and cardinal India after mid-October are features characteristics of this season ( IMD,2010 ) . 4 ) Winter Season JFM ( January to March ) January to March months are considered as winter season in India. This season starts in December holding clear skies, low temperature, big daytime fluctuations of temperature. In this season rain is by and large occur over the western Himalayas, the utmost north-eastern parts, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Precipitation during this season is occurred in signifier of rainfall every bit good as in solid signifier as snow in high height parts. This is governed by the extratropical conditions system of mid-latitude part arising from Caspian sea and traveling eastward. This winter conditions system is known as western perturbations and attack India from the West through Iran, Afgansitan and Pakistan. Western perturbations and associated trough in westerlies are chief rain bearing system in northern and eastern parts of the state. Precipitation signifier in the Himalaya is based on the height. , In greater Himalaya, snowfall is the lone signifier, snow and rain in the in-between Himalayas and light to chair rain over the outer Himalayas. Average frequence of the precipitation is approximately 5 to 6 each months and lessenings as season progresss towards the terminal.

Reflections of the Communist Manifesto and the Social Movement Essay

For many, these ideals include national and social institutions, which make up the essence of their government allowing its citizens to identify with the status quo and maintain balance in their society. The question is not which institutions should be valued for most would agree that a proper balance of these make up any government; the main question lies in which institutions a society should value in order to achieve their goal, thus separating the school of thought pertaining to conservative and liberal thinkers. The simple and straightforward institution of a hierarchy comes into play when discussing the ideas of such thinkers. Maintaining a proper government is a delicate and complicated skill only acquired by the educated, rational men set out to implement it. Said skills â€Å"require a deep knowledge of human nature†¦ and of the things which facilitate or obstruct the various ends which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions† and is the civic duty of only certain members of society. If the government belonged to the State and was the sole property belonging to every individual within that State, there would never be a balance, for not every man is entitled nor has the necessary knowledge to carry out the needs of the State. In other words, not every man in society may acquire these skills in the same way considering some men will be naturally better and faster than others. Specializations do and must exist in society, some belonging to politicians and persons of State, others to farmers and shopkeepers, and others to scholars and true professionals. It is irrational to assume that one would resort to a professor of metaphysics with regards to food or medicine as opposed to a farmer or a physician1. Karl Marx rightfully entertained the idea, however, that the bourgeoisie eliminated industries and institutions (and will continue to do so), laid out by history hundreds of years before, and in doing so created an unstable and fragile ground for the birth of new institutions which would inevitably meet their doom under the control of the ever changing bourgeoisie revolution. In this respect, we should commend Marx, for his insight in the matter justifies the idea that the bourgeoisie revolution was performed rashly and ignorantly with complete disregard for the citizens (other than those pertaining to their own group) that would be affected. All the â€Å"fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify† and therefore will never maintain what is necessary to carry out a proper, balanced government. These barbaric groups of individuals only take into account their personal gain; they always seek and will seek the best way to take advantage of their political power. We must acknowledge that, as opposed to the godless society that socialism proposes under what seems like an imaginative state of mind, the bourgeoisie still maintain the stratification system that any society would be lost without. However, this system means very little without the hard-earned and well established institutions which lasted centuries, pleased millions and most importantly survived the test of time when even the greatest of men could not. With said institutions displaced, there are none to replace them for â€Å"no simple disposition or direction of power can be suitable either to man’s nature, or to the quality of his affairs† which makes the bourgeoisie unprepared and simply unfit to compose a brand new government to fill the hole left in current society. Marx justly shames the bourgeois State for not only eradicating long standing institutions. And I venture further in shaming them, for â€Å"our institutions can never be embodied†¦ so as to create in us love, veneration, admiration, or attachment†¦. [And] that sort of reason which banishes the ffections is incapable of filling their place†3. To think that a group of selfish, barbaric, rash individuals can enhance a government that was built on devotion and respect is a false assumption of all that is reasonable. Granted, Karl Marx would do away with all forms of stratification, but he still recognizes one of the greatest faults in th e current regime: the bourgeoisie â€Å"has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation†. It has converted our most sacred institution into a power- and production-gaining scheme where arrogance is encouraged and love for our country blatantly dejected. Marx firmly believed that the entirety of the working class was to unite and create a communal system in which every man is entitled the fruits of other men’s labor and vice-versa. This view includes the idea that all property is communal and that man has no country, meaning all major aspects of current economy should belong to the State. Hard working men fulfill their duty for all of society to benefit and no one particular man would be deemed to work better, faster, or for a higher wage than another man, in any form (through wages, property or social status). Simple measures must be implemented in order to win the battle of democracy which include, among others, the removal of all private property and the appropriation of all rents of land to the State, the â€Å"abolition of all rights of inheritance† and the centralization of the State, where all assets pertaining to individuals are to turnover to the government. Thus, property is the least of concerns for the citizen, allowing him to concentrate on providing for the State and continuing the honorable day’s work with shoulders free of the burden of property. Once this is achieved, the opportunity for one class to gain influence or to oppress another, is abolished and with it the concept of political power and class distinction. Such is the view of the communist thinker: a delusional and imagined society where all that is needed for its success is the simple division of all property and the encouragement of camaraderie between all working men. But a decent, well educated thinker would easily disprove this idiotic belief. Property is one of the best traditional institutions. It allows for diversity in classes where by nature, no one can or should be equal. One cannot deny that a man’s natural rights â€Å"exist in total independence† of government and therefore there is no need for its interference in the most sacred of rights: private property. This distinction, granted from birth is, in the views of a sane mind, â€Å"neither unnatural, nor unjust, nor impolitic†7. In simpler words, the right to private property provides, for the stabilization of the State as a whole, security for those entitled to family wealth. The family, one of the strongest and most important traditional institutions in present-day society, depends on â€Å"the power of perpetuating property [for it is]†¦ one of the most valuable and interesting circumstances belonging to it, and that which tends the most to the perpetuation of society itself†7. Without the appropriation of property to the rightful group, the institution composed of family and its values is dissolved. Any paradigm advocating the abolition of property and the removal of family values cannot act as the basis for a successful government. There must be a deprivation of the power to subdue the labor of others through the unequal distribution of products, they say, but â€Å"let [the] large proprietors be†¦the ballast in the vessel of the commonwealth† to allow for balance in society so men can understand the value of their work and the importance of their family. Revolutionaries of any breed, the bourgeois or the socialists, must learn that stomping their feet in protest will merely cause them pain against the cold, stone ground. That is to say, only a well educated, pious, well mannered people should and must control a government to guide and protect the ignorant minds of its subjects for â€Å"even in the mass and body as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection†9. We simply cannot allow a group of uneducated, irrational men to control a government meant for an elite, highly educated and well mannered society. For this very reason, not only is the bourgeoisie unfit to rule society but also the socialist party must be prevented from assuming any sort of political influence on the State. The current state of affairs is an utter disgrace where inferior, mechanical and unlearned men have the fate their peers in their hands. If Marx’s socialists were to have their way, society will meet its doom much faster and under more shame than if any other form of barbaric, rashly driven group were in its place. The pride and essence of any government or institution relies on a well established, patient and fitting group of individuals for â€Å"it is [this] substance and mass of the body which constitutes its character, and must finally determine its direction†10. Marx’s socialists are merely workers, petty wage-laborers that rely on a week’s work for a day’s subsistence; the very same people that cloud the streets in filth, spread disease and would barely be able to make out the headline of a newspaper. To even slightly entertain the idea that such a group is equal or shares the same sensibilities and needs that accompany a respectable and cultured man throughout his day, is preposterous. And to venture further into saying that the work of every man, regardless of merit or education or natural social status, shall be uniformly divided amongst every participant and no one man shall acquire more or less than the man next to him, is an even more appalling idea than the latter. To substitute an ignorant bourgeois regime, â€Å"we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for free development of all† and where the stratification of class shall be abolished. Is this really the rational conclusion men have come to? Have we no faith or hope for the progress and rightful place of the well respected man in society? That in order for our world to succeed, we must work for the benefit of godless men who have no filial or patriotic attachment to any substance of value and who regard proper morals as a form of subjection? This so called proletariat class of unskilled or semiskilled workers will shortly meet its demise for even throughout the leadership of the great royal family, one could easily identify the greed and avarice in the eyes of the lower class and surely a concentrated group of these people with a shameless lack of education and culture will stray into the hands of said petty feelings once more if only given the opportunity. We cannot entrust and put forth our most sacred ideals and morals in the hands of those who know not what they are or what to do with them. Simply put, â€Å"by having a right to every thing, they [will] want every thing† and thus we can expect they will take from those who respectfully and naturally obtained their fortune, both material and otherwise. The irrational concept of socialism and the so called solution to the bourgeois problem is clearly and undoubtedly the offspring of uneducated and cold hearted thought. We cannot expect for such decisions to comply with the proper and just ideas behind a successful government and we certainly cannot accept those who wish to implement it under the pretence that we are all equal and should strive for a communal society. Class stratification maintains the balance and social order of the strongest of governments and institutions and should never be compromised to fulfill the greedy wants and arrogant needs of the uneducated, unfit and socially incompetent lower class. We must keep in mind that these people have no regard for our values, morals, property, attachments, or ideals. They want to take our land and our possessions, in the process destroying the essence of each of our families and the great institutions which they represent, and divide it equally amongst those of lower rank in order to claim, dominate and revoke the traditions which so peacefully maintained social order throughout history. These godless, soulless beings merely want to abolish all that our ancestors spent centuries to build and replace it with the irrational concept of socialism which will inevitably collapse and leave no trace or strand of hope for those of us remaining faithful to the suitable and just form of social standards. Burke would agree that the bourgeoisie destroys long standing institutions. â€Å"All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify† (manifesto pg 6) And yet disagree with Marx’s theory on how to solve this The question is what kind of institutions we ought to value, and it is in this field that conservative thinkers stake out positions that separate them from liberals and libertarians alike.

Foreign Labor

Foreign Labor Foreign Labor, Is it good for the United States? On April 14, 2000, Nike founder Philip Knight cut off millions of dollars of personal donations to the University of Oregon. This sudden retraction was the result of the University's support of the Worker's Rights Consortium, a somewhat radical organization that doesn't try to cooperate with companies that use foreign labor. Instead, they are resistant to back proposals by companies to improve labor interests because their financial backing comes from American labor unions. These unions are understandably interested in promoting more jobs in America to strengthen families and improve the workplace.This issue reveals a much deeper problem for American companies. Should they use foreign labor? This comes down to the question of what kind of labor they need. If they are using labor that requires high levels of educations and training, it makes sense to use workers in one of the most educated countries in the world.Immigration Debate at Th e Weissberg Forum For Disc...The wages are high, but the productivity is also very high, which is a good investment from a business standpoint.What about industrial and manual labor, which American labor unions are so adamantly committed to defend? From an economic standpoint, it does not make sense to hire Americans for these jobs. These jobs will inherently be low-paying positions because of the minimum skill level required. As an educated nation, a large number of people are overqualified for many of these jobs. With high minimum wages and benefits offered to employees, the cost of many of the industrial goods us as consumers purchase would skyrocket if all the industrial and manual labor requiring jobs were held by Americans. When the cost of labor increases, so does the price of the resultant product. These added costs will contribute to inflation, which will bankrupt a...